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Из книги Эккеля "Философия С++" (глава 9) (ссылка)

Stack4.h

//: C09:Stack4.h
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
// With inlines
#ifndef STACK4_H
#define STACK4_H
#include "../require.h"

class Stack {
  struct Link {
    void* data;
    Link* next;
    Link(void* dat, Link* nxt): 
      data(dat), next(nxt) {}
  }* head;
public:
  Stack() : head(0) {}
  ~Stack() {
    require(head == 0, "Stack not empty");
  }
  void push(void* dat) {
    head = new Link(dat, head);
  }
  void* peek() const { 
    return head ? head->data : 0;
  }
  void* pop() {
    if(head == 0) return 0;
    void* result = head->data;
    Link* oldHead = head;
    head = head->next;
    delete oldHead;
    return result;
  }
};
#endif // STACK4_H ///:~

require.h

//: :require.h
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
// Test for error conditions in programs
// Local "using namespace std" for old compilers
#ifndef REQUIRE_H
#define REQUIRE_H
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

inline void require(bool requirement, 
  const std::string& msg = "Requirement failed"){
  using namespace std;
  if (!requirement) {
    fputs(msg.c_str(), stderr);
    fputs("\n", stderr);
    exit(1);
  }
}

inline void requireArgs(int argc, int args, 
  const std::string& msg = 
    "Must use %d arguments") {
  using namespace std;
   if (argc != args + 1) {
     fprintf(stderr, msg.c_str(), args);
     fputs("\n", stderr);
     exit(1);
   }
}

inline void requireMinArgs(int argc, int minArgs,
  const std::string& msg =
    "Must use at least %d arguments") {
  using namespace std;
  if(argc < minArgs + 1) {
    fprintf(stderr, msg.c_str(), minArgs);
    fputs("\n", stderr);
    exit(1);
  }
}
  
inline void assure(std::ifstream& in, 
  const std::string& filename = "") {
  using namespace std;
  if(!in) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not open file %s\n",
      filename.c_str());
    exit(1);
  }
}

inline void assure(std::ofstream& out, 
  const std::string& filename = "") {
  using namespace std;
  if(!out) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not open file %s\n", 
      filename.c_str());
    exit(1);
  }
}
#endif // REQUIRE_H ///:~

Stack4Test.cpp

//: C09:Stack4Test.cpp
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
//{T} Stack4Test.cpp
#include "Stack4.h"
#include "../require.h"
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  requireArgs(argc, 1); // File name is argument
  ifstream in(argv[1]);
  assure(in, argv[1]);
  Stack textlines;
  string line;
  // Read file and store lines in the stack:
  while(getline(in, line))
    textlines.push(new string(line));
  // Pop the lines from the stack and print them:
  string* s;
  while((s = (string*)textlines.pop()) != 0) {
    cout << *s << endl;
    delete s; 
  }
} ///:~